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here I am still blogging like it is 2002.
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Wednesday, 13 March 2024
I am going places.
Thursday, 2 June 2022
Essay: Analysis of Inadequate Sanitation Infrastructures and Understanding Good Practices
Abstract
Although our rural and urban
areas are suffering from inadequate sanitation infrastructures, one successful
solution can be conducting extensive behaviour change campaigns to involve
citizens in the development of such infrastructures. Building facilities for
safe water and sanitation alone will not be sufficient in a country like ours.
Introduction
Our cities and rural areas are
facing multiple crises due to inadequate sanitation infrastructures in our
country. To clearly understand what this means, let us first broadly categorise
them under Rural and Urban. A simple sanitation chain needs to collect and
isolate human waste, safely transmit this waste, and then treat this waste
before reusing it or letting it out in the environment [1]. It can be fairly
assumed that in urban areas a sewer system exists but it is not robust enough
to fight the growing population density of the areas. There are various health
issues noticed in the poor sections of urban areas i.e. 50 million people who
don’t have access to proper sanitation arrangements and the improper management
of the solid & liquid waste has been polluting land and water bodies.
According to a study done in 2008, only 30% of India’s population had access to
improved sanitation practices. This increases the cases of open defecation
among the poorest strata of society. When it comes to livelihoods, the urban
poor also bears the highest per capita income losses due to inadequate
sanitation [2].
In the rural areas, it is found
that technology spreads faster than information and understanding and the
implication of such technology. According to a UN report [3], more people have
access to mobile phones than toilets in India. For a very long time, both
household and community toilets in rural areas, have been using septic tanks; a
technology prevalently adopted from urban areas. The cleaning mechanism of a
septic tank is not suitable for rural areas mostly because of two reasons –
lack of sewage systems and lack of cleaning service providers via mechanical
extraction. Hence, septic tanks ended up discharging the water waste outside
the houses which leads to stagnation and diseases.
This lack of adequate sanitation
infrastructures as well as unsafe practices is a major cause of diseases like
Diarrhoea, and other water-borne diseases, which have been fatal to children
under five years of age globally.
Scenario and Efforts
When we talk about the
development of sanitation practices in rural areas, the Swachh Bharat Mission
(SBM) strikes the mind. The mission, although launched in 2014, was a rebranded
version of the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) and Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan
(NBA) launched in 1999 and 2012 respectively. For the Phase-1, the Swachh
Bharat Mission, administratively, has two arms – first, Swachh Bharat
Mission-Grameen (SBM-G) under the aegis of the Ministry of Drinking Water and
Sanitation and second, Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-Urban) under the aegis
of Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. SBM-G aims to eradicate open
defecation in rural areas, create awareness about safe sanitation, and improve
solid-liquid waste management practices in the long run. It is important to
understand that only providing household/community toilets is going to work in
rural areas, they also need to be educated about them. Rural areas are a
close-knit social sector where the community bonding is still stronger than in
their urban counterparts, hence, Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) [4] models
have been effective in generating awareness and motivating the citizens to
construct toilets for themselves without using the Government subsidy. The
Government had a provision of providing monetary support of Rs.12000/- per
Individual Household Latrine (IHHL) to achieve the vision of Swachh Bharat by
2nd October 2019. However, the CLTS teams have been parallelly working closely
with the rural population in educating and motivating them to build toilets for
themselves and their families. Even when the district administration got many
toilets constructed in the rural areas, using them did not become a regular
practice for most people for a long time. Coming out of a decades-long habit of
open defecation takes time, effort, patience, constant communication, and
monitoring. Regular monitoring & evaluation, and running behaviour change
awareness campaigns (print, audio-visual, plays, slogans, wall paintings etc)
were widespread. Another crucial part of the rural sanitation supply chain was
played by the twin pit pour flush toilets [5] invented by Shri Bindeshwar
Pathak, founder of the Sulabh Sanitation Movement. This twin-pit pour-flush
toilet technology does not require human intervention as compared to septic
tanks with soak pits.
The Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban
teams focus on improving the sanitation chain in urban and semi-urban areas. In
these areas the human excreta generated is not disposed of sustainably, thus
impacting the health conditions of the urban poor, women, children, and the
elderly, which covers more than 20% of the total urban population [6]. The
age-old practice of manual scavenging is still prevalent, although the state
administration, advocacy groups, and organisations such as Safai Karamchari
Andolan have been instrumental in abolishing this custom to some extent. In
Phase-2, we must concentrate on ODF+ i.e., operation and maintenance of
community/public toilets and solid-liquid waste management. The twin pits
used in rural sanitation programs help generate manure from human waste. From
both, the urban and rural, sanitation points of view, solid waste
(biodegradable & non-biodegradable) and liquid (black water and grey water
waste) must be properly disposed of and composting & wastewater treatment
technologies must be implemented.
Conclusion
The fundamental goal of providing adequate sanitation infrastructures is to transform India into a hygienic, sanitised, and community-driven healthy rural and urban area. The on-ground development of better public and environmental health requires effective Information, Education, & Communication (IEC) campaigns for behaviour change and regular monitoring & evaluation of the quality procedures that are being implemented to align with the Sustainable Development Goals. More than 90% of India has toilets no and about 5lakh villages have been declared ODF, however, the task at hand is getting bigger. Efforts must continue to ensure the sustainability of our current sanitation infrastructures.
References:
- Carr, R (2001), “Excreta-related infections and the role of sanitation in the control of transmission”, in L Fewtrell and J Bartram (editors), Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards and Health, World Health Organization/IWA Publishing, London, pages 89–114.
- WSP-esi-india.pdf
- Mobile telephones more common than toilets in India, UN report finds | | UN News
- The CLTS approach | Community-Led Total Sanitation (communityledtotalsanitation.org)
- Twin Pits for Pour Flush | SSWM - Find tools for sustainable sanitation and water management!
- https://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/NUSP_0.pdf
- Urban sanitation in India: key shifts in the national policy frame - Kavita Wankhade, 2015 (sagepub.com)
Friday, 3 April 2020
My Lockdown Bhindi Recipe
23. Upload it on Instagram
26. Drop me a Thank You
10 Things That Make Me Really Happy
Monday, 14 January 2019
Street Stories #1
On my trip to the grocery store today I met two school kids roaming around with their bag-packs. Now, 11:30 am is an irregular time for a 10-year-old kid to go to the park.
“They should be at school, what are they doing here?” I thought to myself. “Should I be bothered? Should I stop them?”
I really wanted to send them back to school. Bunking, however fun and exciting it may feel, is an addiction. Bunking is not cool.
I followed them to the park. They were not doing anything fishy, just riding the slides and playing catch-catch with a ball. Just two kids trying to enjoy the pleasant afternoon.
I decided to do something, “The least I can do is make them feel bad about it so they think twice before doing it again.”
“Aaj tum dono school kyun nahi gaye” (Why the two of you are not in school right now?), I said sternly.
They replied, “Jao apna kaam karo uncle”. (Mind your own business, Uncle)
I went ahead to buy my Coffee.
Monday, 10 December 2018
Waking up early morning is like a new relationship… Where your sleep is your ex!
He would scold us for not waking up early every morning while we rushed to get ready for school. I hated that. I just wanted to get back under my blanket, put a pillow in between my knees and call it a day.
You see, this scenario is quite similar to moving on from a relationship. I, for one, have avoided getting up early lot many times. I feel so have many of you.
Relationships, like you all know, are worth staying in for, right? Especially when it’s the winter season. Nothing compares to the warmth inside a blanket and/or the warmth of your loved one wrapped around your body. Who doesn’t want that? I’m sure a person misses their loved ones the most during these 2–3 months each year. This is one of the most underrated feelings ever, of course, apart from that extra 5-minute sleep some mornings 😊
But what happens when you have to wake up early in the morning? What happens when you have to move on from that relationship?
You dread it.
Getting back together wasn’t really a good idea either. You weren’t able to chase your dreams like you always wanted. You need to be constantly reminded you took that selfish decision for a reason. You chose to suffer for your own good and your partner’s too. You were not moving forward and you knew it.
You will soon have reasons (and not excuses) to keep yourself away from the bed. Countless unread messages and hundreds of missed calls won’t bring you back. You would have started using that extra pillow to cuddle.
Coffee is your new-found love now.
Saturday, 9 April 2016
The Girl With Yellow Lights
Read Part-1 here: The Girl in Pink Sweater
__________________________________________________________
January 3, 2016
I'm sitting here in the boring room
It's just another rainy Sunday afternoon
I'm wasting my timeI got nothing to doI'm hanging aroundI'm waiting for youBut nothing ever happens and I wonder...
Saturday, 27 December 2014
The Girl In Pink Sweater
What is the first 'to-do' while travelling alone by train?
23rd December 2014
I knew my seat G3 36, "Side upper! Great." I said to myself. The seat beneath mine was along the window; where you could lie down with a pillow on back rest and enjoy the beautiful view if it was empty. I started walking towards my coach. Lastly I entered a fully packed coach. While passing along the aisle I couldn't resist noticing so many people in the compartment, reminded me of my school days how we used to go on vacations. Amidst all this somehow I managed to reach my berth. Seated below was a girl, shocked, I didn't stop and went straight out from the other end.
Whoa! It was a girl. For a moment I started doubting my bad luck. FYI Gareeb Rath has 3 berths on the side and 6 inside. This made me believe that someone else would be around too. I was killing myself inside for not checking the reservation chart, at least that could have reduced my anxiety and I would have known her name. With no other option to go with, I sat there itself while she was sitting on the other end of the seat. Being the type of guy I was, I relied on my music for the whole journey.
After half an hour later upon blinking I noticed her palm right in front of my face trying to get my attention.
For the next hour I tried making eye contact. But no success, she had her eyes stuck to her phone.
Since my laptop was not in a condition to be out in public, I messaged my friend, told him the situation. Cases like these being his forte, I could consider his advice.
But I kept it all to myself.
I again thought of gathering some courage, at this time most people are asleep, this can be a good chance of knowing more about her. Whom am I kidding, I dozed off. I had to wake up before 7.
Talking to a female stranger. Check!
"And remember, you better be a jerk and talk, because remember, you've got nothing to lose."
Oh wait. She just replied ☺
Wednesday, 5 November 2014
Monday, 10 June 2013
" तेरी आँखेँ "
I am going places.
December 26, 2023, marked my last working day at MSTC Ltd and since that day I have been on the road. I resigned from my full-time, well-p...
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What is the first 'to-do' while travelling alone by train? Yes you got it right, check for fellow passengers around your sea...
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The Girl With Yellow Lights Read Part-1 here: The Girl in Pink Sweater _________________________________________________________...
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December 26, 2023, marked my last working day at MSTC Ltd and since that day I have been on the road. I resigned from my full-time, well-p...






